🌱 Maui Nui: Crop Monitor

‘Ikuwā (October 3 - November 1, 2024)

🔍 What You’ll Find In This Issue

  • Community check-in! We got an email check-in from Harriet from Haʻikū on how using too much technical jargon like “normalized difference” can be off-putting. We are also working to address the Upcountry Farmer’s feedback to provide insights based on smaller regions: in this issue, we are using moku as a natural way of looking at information.

  • 🌕 Kaulana Mahina for Welehu! Welcoming the wet season!

  • 💰 MCDOA Shared Opportunity: 50 spots left to register for the Hawaiʻi Food System Summit. Travel scholarship applications are due November 11!

  • 💧 We compared soil moisture available to crops in Hāna and Kula on Maui, Pālāʻau on Molokaʻi, and Koʻolau on Lānaʻi. There’s also information for each moku.

  • 🤝 In this issue, we introduce you to the editor of the newsletter: Ana!

Community Check-In:

What are you seeing in your Ahupuaʻa?

  • Harriet Witt from Haʻikū said: “All farmers need to know how the data is going to be helpful. Few farmers have the time to learn how the data was generated. In other words, they need farmer testimonials more than they need to bushwhack their way through the details of what’s behind an acronym [like NDVI].”

    • We are committed to addressing this shared principle of providing useful data for all farmers.

    • We will continue iterating towards finding the right balance between information and transparency.

    • We hopped on a call with Harriet to connect and started brainstorming better ways of communicating. One idea of using a table by region is implemented in this issue under the soil moisture conditions.

    • We will continue working with Harriet in the coming month.

    • Thanks to Harriet for letting us know where we can improve!

  • From the Upcountry Farmer’s Market in September, we heard that it would be helpful to have insights divided into sections.

    • Thanks to Hulihia’s suggestion, we are now looking at the weather and environmental variables by moku.

    • These traditional land divisions are highly relevant and provide insightful ways of looking at environmental conditions.

    • Thanks to the Upcountry farmers and Kehau Kimokeo from Hulihia!

Calendar from Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council.


Mahi‘ai recommend planting on most days, but especially on Hoku (marked with ✅).  Days not recommended for planting are marked with a thumbs down 👎. Days without an emoji are good planting days for different crop types! For example, Kūpau is considered to be the last evening that ‘uala and kalo can be planted with the expectation of them growing kū [1]. Check out Kamehameha Publishing for other recommendations.

⛰️ Introducing Moku Insights:

Moku from IslandBreath.org ©2014.


The ‘Aha Moku system connects multiple ahupuaʻa based on kānaka maoli kinship with the ʻāina [2]. This traditional framework for land divisions continues to be highly relevant in observing environmental conditions on Maui Nui.

❗️Maui: Crops in Hāna are experiencing the highest levels of moisture on Maui this past October but crops in Kula are feeling drier than the previous 4 years.

❗️Molokaʻi: The crops are enjoying slightly higher hydration levels this October than previous years.

❗️Lānaʻi: Crops are also enjoying soil that is slightly more moist this October than in previous 4 years but not as much as the beginning of the year.

The crops are enjoying a slightly more moist soil in October 2024 than in the previous 4 years. Some areas’ crops are drier than others, especially on Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi. According to trends from previous years and Welehu marking the beginning of the wet season, we can expect an increase in soil moisture in the next coming months.


In the following plots, we will look at the average (surface) soil moisture, which is the amount of water in the soil. For best plant growth, the water fraction should be 25% of the soil volume [3].

Maui


Below we compare two moku on Maui for soil moisture changes over time (12 months) while comparing it by year (see different colors). See below graphs for more details and insights.


The chart above shows Hāna’s crops surface soil moisture in 2024 compared to historical measurements. By October 2024, Hāna’s crops are experiencing soil moisture to be most similar to the levels seen in 2022, which is the highest in the previous 5 years. Get ready for potential increase of moisture in the upcoming months if we compare it to the trending increase of moisture the last few years have seen.


Meanwhile, in Kula (above), crops’ surface soil moisture in 2024 appears to be most similar to the levels seen in 2023, which is the lowest in the previous 5 years. From the beginning of 2024, crops in Kula have seen soil moisture decrease but it wasn’t until June that levels dropped below 20%.

Maui: Surface Soil Moisture (%)

Moku

October 2024  

Minimum  
(Oct. ‘20-‘23)

Average

 (Oct. ‘20-‘23)

Maximum  

(Oct. ‘20-‘23)

Kaupō

9.90

8.1

9.60

18.4

Honuaʻula

10.99

8.8

10.14

19.5

Kahikinui

11.45

9.4

11.39

20.0

Hāmākuapoko

12.82

9.8

11.16

15.9

Ke‘alaloloa

12.95

9.2

10.74

21.2

Kula

15.86

14.4

16.50

23.9

Wailuku

15.95

11.6

13.69

22.8

Koʻolau

17.22

14.9

16.75

22.1

Hāmākualoa

17.33

14.6

16.49

23.8

Lāhainā

19.12

15.3

16.97

25.8

Kīpahulu

19.15

16.3

18.22

24.5

Kāʻanapali

19.57

15.1

17.21

25.9

Hāna

20.29

16.9

18.81

24.7

Is this information helpful? Is there something more you think we could do? Is there someone we should talk to?

Reach out to us at atarano@asu.edu.

Molokaʻi

Below we look at Pālāʻau on Molokaʻi for soil moisture changes over time (12 months) while comparing it by year (see different colors). See below graphs for more details and insights.

In Pālāʻau (above), crops seem to be enjoying more moisture now in October than in previous years, most similar to October 2020. But the moisture levels are still quite low — notice how the highest and lowest values of soil moisture in 2024 are less than on Maui’s Hāna or Kula values. For Pālāʻau, the range in the vertical axis is 4 to 16% while on Maui, the vertical axis for Kula goes from 15 to 40%.

Molokaʻi: Surface Soil Moisture (%)

Moku

October 2024  

Minimum  

(Oct. ‘20-23)

Average  

(Oct. 20-23)

Maximum  

(Oct. 20-23)

Hālawa

6.07

4.1

5.34

15.1

Kaluakoʻi

6.51

3.7

5.38

15.4

Koʻolau

6.64

3.8

5.62

15.6

Pālāʻau

6.78

4.0

5.90

16.4

Kona

6.99

4.3

5.87

16.2

Lānaʻi

On Lānaʻi, we are seeing that soil moisture in Ko‘olau (above) is more plentiful this October than other recent Octobers in the past 5 years. Crops in Kona are also enjoying a more hydrating October this year than in previous 4 years.

Lānaʻi: Surface Soil Moisture (%)

Moku

October 2024  

Minimum  
(Oct. ‘20-‘23)

Average  
(Oct. ‘20-‘23)

Maximum  
 
(Oct. ‘20-‘23)  

Kona

7.65

4.6

6.11

16.3

Koʻolau

7.67

4.4

6.11

16.3

💡 How have you noticed water stress for your crops? Is it similar to last month? Have you heard other farmers in different areas have different experiences with the same crop?


💰 Opportunities Shared through Maui County Dept. of Agriculture


We’ll keep you posted on upcoming opportunities from Maui County’s Department of Agriculture. Here is what’s in store this month!


Shared on the Transforming Hawaii's Food System Together - Mailing List on November 1st, 2024:


Hawaiʻi Food System Summit

Transforming Hawaii's Food System Together

December 9-10, 2024
@ UH West Oʻahu
Questions? Contact Alice Liu (Program Manager for Food Systems at Hawai‘i Public Health Institute) at alice@hiphi.org, 808-437-9403.


APPLY FOR TRAVEL SCHOLARSHIP AND REGISTER FOR FREE


REGISTRATION & TRAVEL SCHOLARSHIP DEADLINES:

Inter-island travelers require travel scholarships must register and submit their travel scholarship requests by Monday, November 11th at 4:00 PM.

Scholarships are awarded on a first-come, first-served basis, and all requests will undergo a review process before approval.

Please note that submitting an application does not guarantee a travel scholarship.


For all attendees, the deadline to register is Monday, November 25th at 4:00 pm.


Check out their newsletter for more information!

🤝 Who are we?

Talk Story with Ana (this newsletter’s editor)!

Like my parents and grandparents, I was born on Cuba, an island in the Caribbean. Both my parents were engineers, and my grandparents were a pharmacist with a 6th grade education, a math teacher, a seamstress, and a bus driver.


Most of my familia left family and the communities we loved a few years after I was born to secure a better life due to el período especial, a “Special Period” marked by great food insecurity for the citizens of the island. As a result, most of my family settled in Miami, even though some of us made a few stops around the world before reuniting there.


In Cuba and beyond, I was taught that where one person eats, two can eat, so where five eat, ten can eat, and so forth. My abuela embodies this saying by being the designated cake cutter at any celebration, since my grandma can cut the greatest number of slices out of anyone we know.


Miami is where I continue to live. It is where I am most deeply rooted, and where my parents, sister, cousins, aunts, uncles, grandma, and school friends still live.


Because of my family background, food insecurity has always been an important issue to me —even before my current professional role as Assistant Research Professor at ASU. As a student, I collaborated with student groups and administrators to bring a food bank to our university, which was the only campus without one in the area. I vote, advocate, and petition for dignity for farmworkers in my state.


Many non-residents see Miami only as a place to vacation, while others see it as an important location for study. Miami has become a hub for climate resilience, climate migration, and climate gentrification research. While this research can be very positive for my community and people around the world, it is vital that my fellow residents steer this work.


In the same way that I expect researchers in Miami to respect and uplift the voices of the communities that I am a part of, I am committed to amplifying the voices and efforts of Maui Nui, as a guest in your community.

👀 What would you like to see?

We are happy to provide more detailed information that the community needs on a case-by-case, as approved by the community. Some of the previous values can be divided by your Ahupuaʻa or your zip code. You can email us at atarano@asu.edu to request information.


Have questions?

Visit our website for Frequently Asked Questions or email us at atarano@asu.edu.


References


[1] Prince Kūhiō Hawaiian Civic Club. Year 2025 Ancient Hawaiian Moon Calendar Related to Fishing & Farming. https://www.pkhcc.org/mooncalendar/

[2] https://www.mauishorelineaccess.net/31/Aha-Moku

[3] Ion Diffusion in the Soil–Root System https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60662-8